过去完成时（详细讲解）

今天给各位分享过去完成时（详细讲解）的知识，其中也会对过去完成时（详细讲解）进行解释，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，别忘了关注本站，现在开始吧！

本文导读目录：

1、过去完成时的用法

2、语法知识｜时态之过去完成时

3、过去完成时（详细讲解）

　　过去完成时的用法详解（一）： 　　过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也能够说过去的时光关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。能够用by， before等介词短语或一个时光状语从句来表示，也能够用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能经过上下文来表示。 　　例如：By nine o’clock last night， we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 　　She turned scarlet from embarrassment， once she realized what she had done. 　　她意识到自我做了什么后羞红了脸。 　　Edward VIII had done the unthinkable and abdicated the throne. 　　爱德华八世竟主动逊位，真是匪夷所思。 　　The government had done everything it could to push down inflation. 　　政府已经采取了所有可能的措施来抑制通货膨胀。 　　If he had done otherwise， I should have thought him a rascal. 　　如果他不这样做， 我就认为他是个恶棍. 　　基本结构 　　主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) 　　①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. 　　②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. 　　③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 　　肯定回答：Yes，主语+had. 　　否定回答：No，主语+had not . 　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 　　基本用法 　　过去完成时的用法详解（二）： 　　一、过去完成时的基本用法 　　过去完成时与此刻完成时相似，也有“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法，所不一样的是，过去完成时将时光推移到过去某一时光之前，即所谓的“过去的过去”。具体地说，它既可表示在过去某一时光之前已完成的动作，也可表示从一个较早的过去持续一个较迟的过去的动作：[本内容由 南识网 https://www.nanss.com/ 整理] 　　He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。 　　By six o’clock he had worked twelve hours. 到6点钟时他就已工作了12小时。 　　二、正确运用过去完成时的方法 　　正确运用过去完成时最重要的是要正确理解“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”是一个相对时光，即它相对于一个过去时光而言，并在其过去。这种相对的“过去的过去”有时经过必须的时光副词(状语)体现出来，有时则可能是经过必须的上下文来体现： 　　I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢失的表。 　　The house was quiet. Everybody had gone to bed. 屋子里很安静，大家都睡觉了。 　　"Was Jack at the office?" "No， he’d gone home." “杰克在办公室吗?”“不在，回家了。” 　　【注】有些通常与此刻完成时连用的词语，由于在必须的语境中，谓语动作移到了“过去的过去”，也应用过去完成时。比较： 　　We haven’t seen each other since we left Paris. 自从离开巴黎后我们一向没见过面。 　　I saw Mr Smith last Sunday. We hadn’t seen each other since we left Paris. 上周星期天我见到史密斯先生了，自从离开巴黎后我们还一向没见过面。 　　三、表示过去未曾实现的想法 　　过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词是 want， think， hope， plan， mean， expect， intend， suppose 等： 　　I had meant to e， but something happened. 我本想来，但有事就没有来。 　　I had intended to speak， but time did not permit. 我本想发言，但时光不允许。 　　We had hoped that you would e to see us， but you didn’t. 我们本想你来看我们的，但你没有来。 　　过去完成时的用法详解（三）： 　　过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense）：过去完成时表示过去某一时光之前完成的动作或发生的情景，句子谓语形式由had+动词的过去分词构成，通常表述为“过去的过去”。在不一样的句子结构中有相应体现，也可跟有必须的时光状语，如by，before等介词或连词。 　　1.过去完成时的结构： 　　1.1 肯定句：主语+had+done+others 　　A. I had arrived. 　　我已经到了。 　　B. He had sent the letter. 　　他已经寄了这封信。 　　1.2 否定句：主语+had+not+done+others 　　A. However，Her father had not brought her birthday presents. 　　然而，她的父亲没有给她买生日礼物。 　　1.3 疑问句：had+主语+done+others 　　肯定回答：YES，主语+had否定回答：NO，主语+ hadn’t 　　A. Had Lisa gone to costume ball ? 　　丽莎已经去化妆舞会了吗？ 　　Yes，she had. 　　是的，她去了。 　　No，she hadn’t. 　　没有，她没去。 　　1.4 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+had+主语+done+others 　　A. Why had The Castle bee a memory of generation? 　　为什么电影城堡已经成为了一代的记忆？ 　　1.5 被动语态：主语+had（not）been+done+others 　　A. At the end of last year，another magic design had been pleted. 　　在去年低，另一个神奇的设计已经完成。 　　B. There was still doubtful that why the film had not been chased by public. 　　对于这部电影为什么没有被大众所追捧依然存在些疑惑。 　　2.过去完成时的用法 　　2.1 在宾语从句中的运用： 　　A. To my surprise，Josh told me that he had engaged. 　　令我惊讶的是，乔希告诉我他已经订婚了。 　　B. Lizzy asked John what the professor had said in class. 　　在课上，利兹问约翰，教授说了什么。（那里“said”的动作在“ask”之前） 　　2.2 在定语从句中的运用: 　　A. Yesterday， I helped an old man who had lost her way. 　　昨日，我帮忙了一个已经迷路的老人。（who引导的定语从句） 　　2.3 在以主语+had done， beforeby+过去时光状语词组从句中的运用： 　　A.Mr.Wanghad attended the conference and delivered a speech before he visited Yorkshire. 　　王先生在去约克郡之前已经出席了会议并发表演讲。（before引导的从句，一般过去时） 　　B. Cappuccino had bee a quick seller in Starbucks，by the end of last month. 　　到上个月底为止，卡布奇诺已经成为了星巴克的畅销品。（by引导的时光状语） 　　2.4 Had done在虚拟语气中的运用（属于较特殊情景）： 　　（1）在虚拟条件句中的运用，此时的意思要根据语境而定，能够与虚拟语气一齐来归纳。主要表示与过去事实相反的愿望，即与过去事实相反。 　　A. If I I had taken your advice， I would have got a good grade in the exam. 　　如果我听取了你的提议，我将会在考试中取得好的成绩。（had taken证明过去我没有采取提议） 　　（2）有expect，intend，suppose（假定），hope，think等动词的.过去完成时在句中出现时，表示未实现的打算，期望，愿望的意味。 　　A.I expect that I had been an intern in that pany. 　　我期望我已经是那个公司的一名实习生。（同样地，我并不是这个公司的实习生) 　　（3）在If only（但愿，要是） or wish出现的虚拟语气中，同样也表示与过去事实相反的愿望，想法。 　　A. Honestly，if only I had studied in university. 　　说真的，要是我在大学学习多好！（事实上我没有，与现实相反） 　　B. I wish I had been awarded the prize in the sports meeting. 　　我期望我在运动会上被授予了奖励。（事实上获奖不存在） 　　2.5 在时光状语从句中的运用： 　　例如一些引导词 since， until， no sooner...than， hardly...when， scarcely...when 等，一般可视为 "had done" 出现的信号，从句常用一般过去时。 　　A.No sooner had Whitney Houston began to sing a song than there was an instant sensation. 　　惠特妮·休斯顿一开始唱歌，就引起了瞬时的轰动。（注意：那里由于no sooner 否定前置，句子谓语部分倒装，所以”had”提前） 　　A. It was a long time since Darcy had lived in this city. 　　达西住在这座城市已经有很长时光了。（达西在过去的某个时光点之前就住在这座城市） 　　过去完成时的用法详解（四）： 　　(1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时光或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如： 　　When I woke up，it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。(“雨停”发生在“我醒来”之前) 　　(2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，仅有和过去某一时光或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如： 　　He told me that he had written a new book.他告诉我他写了一本新书。(“写书”发生在“告诉我”之前) 　　(3)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时光状语连用，它不能离开过去时光而独立存在。此时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时光副词及 by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。如： 　　Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.彼得到10岁的时候已经收集了300多张中国邮票。 　　(4)过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时已经开始，一向延续到某一过去时光，并且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： 　　By the end of last year，he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底为止，他已经在这个工厂工作了20年。(已经工作了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能) 　　过去完成时的用法详解（五）： 　　01. 过去完成时构成法 　　过去完成时由助动词 had＋过去分词构成。现以动词 work为例，将过去完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式列表如下： 　　02. 过去完成时基本用法 　　表示过去某一时光或某一事件前已发生且已完成的动作或状态。如： 　　We had finished the work by nine o clock yesterday. 　　昨晚九点前我们已完成了工作。 　　When he got there，the train had already left. 　　他到了那儿时火车已经开了。 　　Grace realized she had made a mistake. 　　格瑞丝意识到她犯了个错误。 　　They had pleted the project by the end of 1999. 　　到1999年底他们已完成了那个项目。 　　1.—Did you see Tom at the party? 　　—No， he by the time I got there. 　　A. left 　　B. was leaving 　　C. had left 　　D. has left 　　【答案选 C】这句话强调的是“他在我来之前就走了”，“我到达”用的是“got”，过去时，所以他走应当是过去的过去，所以应当用过去完成时。 　　2. The news came as no surprise to me. I for some time that the factory was going to shut down. 　　A. had known 　　B. knew 　　C. have known 　　D. know 　　【答案选A】在工厂倒闭之前已经明白这个消息，所以用过去完成时态。 　　表示在过去某一时光或某一事件前已发生但尚未完成的动作或状态。如： 　　By July last year，Emma had studied here for 3 years. 　　到去年七月艾玛已经在这儿学习了三年了。 　　When Mark opened the door， he saw a woman standing there. He her before. 　　A. never saw 　　B. had never seen 　　D. has never seen 　　C. never sees 　　【答案选B】由过去时态构成的句子语言环境能够看出，应首先排除 C、D两个选项。再由句子中的before能够看出是说在那之前从没见过她，所以用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，即那之前的一段时光的情景。一般过去时只表示过去某个时光点发生动作或存在情景。 　　过去完成时常用在引述动词一般过去时后的间接引语中。如： 　　They said that they had planted the trees on the hillside. 　　他们说他们把树种在山坡上了。 　　Jack told me he had read the book before. 　　杰克告诉我他以前读过那本书。 　　Julie said she had gone to see him the day before. 　　朱莉说她前一天已经去看过他。 　　用于对过去事实进行虚拟的条件句中。如： 　　If I had hurried， I wouldn't have missed the train. 　　如果我快点的话，我就不会误了火车。 　　If you had been at the party， you would have met him. 　　如果你去了晚会，你就会见到他的。 　　think，want，hope，plan，intend，mean和suppose等词的过去完成时能够用来表示本来要做而没做或无法做的事，或没有实现的期望或意图。如： 　　Eve had hoped to see more of China. 　　伊芙曾期望在中国多观光一番。 　　I had intended to be there on time. 　　我本打算准时去的。 　　Greta had meant to see her off at the airport. 　　格瑞塔本打算是要去机场送她的。 　　用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示对过去未做成的事情的某种感叹或愿望。如： 　　I wish I had been there at that time. 　　那时候我要在那儿就好了。（事实上我不在那儿。） 　　I wish I had told him about it. 　　我要是告诉他那事就好了。（事实上我没告诉他。）　　点击蓝字 　　关注我们 　　过去完成时 　　过去完成时，一个不曾在中文中出现过的时态，难以理解吗？不，它恰恰是所有时态中最容易理解的，五字曰之过去的过去 (千万别咬文嚼字哦) 　　那什么是过去的过去呢？我们来看看几个例子 　　When I arrived at the station, the train had already gone. 　　By the time I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. 　　The movie had begun before I entered the cinema. So I missed the beginning. 　　看了上面三句话，大家有什么感受呢？ 　　标红色的动作均发生在标绿色的动作之前，而标绿色的动作均发生在过去，由此在过去之前的动作简称之为过去的过去。 　　When I arrived at the station, the train had already gone. (go 发生在arrive 之前) 　　By the time I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. (take off 发生在get to 之前) 　　The movie had begun before I entered the cinema. So I missed the beginning. (begin 发生在enter之前) 　　除以上之外，也可以是在过去的时间之前 　　He had graduated from school by the end of June. 　　在六月末之前他就从学校毕业了。 　　TIP1: 过去完成时的意义在于 　　在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作 　　TIP2: 过去完成时的基本形式为 　　had done—had 为助动词表示过去，done 为过去分词表示已经完成 　　I hadn't graduated from school by the end of May. 　　在五月末为还没有从学校毕业。 　　Had the plane taken off before he arrived? 　　在他到之前，飞机起飞了吗？ 　　从上述可以看出，当句子需要改为否定句或者疑问句时，在助动词had后加not或者将其提前。 　　TIP3: 过去完成时的时间状语: 　　1.时间状语: 　　①by+过去的时间 例: by 10 in the morning 　　②by the end of+过去的时间 例: by the end of May 　　2. 连接词，表示动作先后顺序 　　①when 　　The bus had already gone when I arrived. 　　②after 　　My mother came in after I had hidden my story book. 　　③before 　　The bus had already gone before I arrived. 　　以上就是过去完成时的全部知识点啦，如有疑问可以在评论区或者后台留言哦，我看到会及时回复，在此并没有再赘述done的变化规则，如有需要，可点击阅读原文直通现在完成时页面了解过去分词的变化规则哦。 　　往期 · 推荐 　　● 语法知识|时态之一般将来时 　　● 语法知识|时态之现在完成时 　　● 语法知识|时态之一般现在时 　　● 语法知识|一般过去时 　　喜欢我的分享，就给我点个“赞”呗 　　希望我的内容惠及更多朋友，就给我点个"在看"呗　　1、Past perfect tense,The present perfect tense:,Have / has + the past participle,I have received a letter from Lily recently.,Has he handed in her homework yet?,He has just gone to Beijing.,They have never been to the USA.,We have lived here for ten years.,past perfect tense,过去完成时由had +过去分词构成 表示过去的过去生 　　2、的动作,构成方式:,肯定句: had+动词的过去分词,否定句: had not+ 过去分词,一般疑问句:had+ 主语+ 过去分词,肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ had. 否定回答: No, 主语+ hadnt.,基本用法:,1. 过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态或表示经历或经验.,(1) 我说自从你搬到这儿以来妈妈一直为你的懒惰 而生气.,(2) 我到达电影院之前电影早已经开始了.,I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here.,The film had begun bef 　　3、ore we got to the cinema.,2. 过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能延续下去的动作。常和by或since, for引导的表时间的从句或短语连用,但必须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照.,1. 他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年.,2. 当Millie到达电影院的时候, 电影已经开始了半个小时了.,3. 自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面.,He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.,The film had already been on 　　4、 for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.,We hadnt seen each other since he left Nanjing.,3. 过去完成时表示在某一动作之前已经完成的动作. 过去的时间由before, after, when引导的时间从句表示出来.,1. 我在你回来之前就已经把晚饭准备好了.,2. 当我赶到学校时, 已经开始上课了.,3. 在我到家之前他已经走了.,I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.,The class had begun when I g 　　5、ot to school.,He had left before I got home.,4.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。 1. 她说她从来没有去过巴黎。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 2. 我觉得我以前见过他。 I thought that I had seen him before. 3. Tom说他借了这本书两周了。 Tom said he had borrowed the book for 2 weeks.,kept,5. 表示意向的动词，如hop 　　6、e, wish, expect, think, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。 1.结果比我们想象的要好。 The result was better than what we had expected. 2. 我们期望你会来的，但是你没有来。 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,试作比较：,昨天我见到王先生了自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。 I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had not seen each other since he left Beijing. 自从 　　7、他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。 We have not seen each other since he left Beijing.,试比较： 1. 我在这工作已经五年了。 2. 到2005年8月，我在这工作已经五年了。,过去完成时与现在完成时的区别,现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去, 但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关. 其结构为”助动词have/has+过去分词”; 过去完成时则是一个相对的时态, 它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调”过去的过去”,只有和过去的某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它.,到目前为止我已经学会了3000个单词.,到那时我已经学会了3000个英语单词.,I 　　8、have learned 3000 English words so far.,I had learned 3000 English words till then.,过去完成时与一般过去时的区别,1. 时间状语不同过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. (说明不到点就在车站了） They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. (说明点到车站的）,2) 在没有明确的时间状语做标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上 　　9、下文来判断，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时,I had finished my homework before my mother came back.,在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。,) 当两个或两个以上的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序只需用一般过去时代替过去完成时；另外在引导的从句中由于这些连词本身已经表示时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the off 　　10、ice.,More practice,When I arrived there, they_(leave) already. The film_(start),when we got to the cinema. I _(read) the book before I started school. They thought that they_(try) their best. The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born. I _ (not realize) she wasn 　　11、t Chinese until she spoke.,had left,had started,had read,had tried,had passed away,hadnt realized,选择填空 ( )1.- “Did you see Tom at the party?” -“No, Mary told me that he _ by the time I got there.” A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left ( )2. He said that he _ his lunch yet. A. hadnt had B. h 　　12、asnt had C. wouldnt have D. was having ( )3. By the end of last year we _ each other for ten years. A. have known B. knew C. were knowing D. had known ( )4. I saw Li Lei yesterday. We hadnt seen each other _ I left Beijing. A. after B. before C. since D. until,c,A,D,c,( )6. I learned_ the city for a 　　13、 long time. she has been in B. she has gone to C. she had been in D. she had gone to ( )7. He said that he _ a cold for three days. A. has B. had caught C. had had D. has got ( )8. I saw Kate with a new radio in her hand yesterday, but she told me she_the radio for ten days. has bought B. had bought 　　14、 C. has had D. had had,c,c,D,( )9. The film _ when I got there. A. has begun B. had already started C .began D. have already begun ( )10. The film _ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A. had already been on B. had already begun C. have already been on D. have already begun,A,B,1. 他来我们学校之前已经在 　　15、那所学校工作了三年.,2. 当Millie到达电影院的时候, 电影已经开始了半个小时了.,3. 自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面.,He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.,The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.,We havent seen each other since he left Nanjing.,4. 到上学期末,我们已经学历4000多个单词.,By the 　　16、end of last term, we had learnt over 4,000 words.,5. 我们完成这项工作比预料中的时间要早的多.,6. 贝尔在30岁前发明了电话.,We finished the work much earlier than we had expected.,Bell had invented the telephone before he was 30.,The young couple had lived here for three years before he moved in the residential quarter.,7. 在他搬进这个小区 　　17、(residential quarter)之前,那对夫妇已经在这儿住了三年了.,More practice: He told me he _(meet) her before. She thanked me for what I _(do) for her son. I _(learn) 300 words by the end of last month. He _(leave) his office when I arrived there. She _(visit) the city three times before she died in 1997. They knew she _(borrow) a lot of mo

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